The Ichnogenus Kouphichnium and Related Xiphosuran Traces from the Steven C. Minkin Paleozoic Footprint Site (Union Chapel Mine), Alabama, USA: Ichnotaxonomic and Paleoenvironmental Implications

The ichnogenus Kouphichnium and associated ichnofossils attributed to xiphosuran activity are here re-examined from samples collected from the Pennsylvanian-age Steven C. Minkin Fossil Site at the Union Chapel Mine, in Walker County, Alabama, USA. The large sample size offers an unique opportunity to evaluate some Kouphichnium ichnospecies. Thus, the morphological variability resulting from the taphonomic, ethological, taxonomic variability and underprint fallout are evaluated using this large sample set. Three morphotypes have been segregated from the material previously assigned to K. aspodon discovered at this and adjacent sites. Ichnospecies of Kouphichnium identified at the Union Chapel Mine site include: K. lithographicum, K. aspodon and two new ichnospecies (K. atkinsoni and K. minkinensis). Additionally, Kouphichnium-like traces that are associated with “jumper” traces have been previously misinterpreted as Kouphichnium and Selenichnites, respectively, and are excluded from this study, leaving them in open nomenclature as they will be the subject of a subsequent publication. We here redescribe the holotype of K. aspodon and designate lectoparatypes to better define the ichnospecies. New trace makers for some Kouphichnium ichnospecies are hypothesized, in contrast to the traditional xiphosuran attribution.