The oldest trace fossils in association with Ediacara-type biota in thr Upper Vendian of South Urals

Trace fossils and palaeopascichnids have been studied from the Basa Formation of the Vendian Asha Group of the South Urals (southwestern periphery of the Suleiman Anticline, Shubino quarry in the Ust’-Katav city, Chelyabinsk Region. The general morphology and preservation of ichnofossils was shown to be similar to the Late Vendian-Early Cambrian subhorizontal bilobate burrows of Didymaulichnus. The paleontological remains were found to be confined to extremely shallow depositional settings and located stratigraphically below the volcanic tuff layer, the zircon from which has a U–Pb isotopic age of 578 ± 7 Ma. Until now, the first occurrence of trace fossils and the associated “Agronomic Revolution” were thought to be timed to the interval of ~560–550 Ma. Our results show that mobile benthos and biological mixing of sediments may have occurred 20–30 Ma earlier and support the hypothesis that the onset of the first “Agronomic Revolution” and the “Cambrian Explosion” were not significantly coincident in time.