Reduced size of the belemnite Catateuthis longiforma across the Pliensbachian-Toarcian warming event

Belemnite cephalopod species Catateuthis longiforma that exhibited body size reduction during the Pliensbachian–Toarcian crisis and were included in one of the datasets of Nätscher et al. (2026). The belemnite rostrum depictions derive from Rita et al. (2021) and are specimens from the Lower Jurassic of the Toarcian GSSP in Peniche of Catateuthis longiforma - a species which became smaller during the Pliensbachian-Toarcian warming event. The reconstructed belemnite derives from Klug et al. (2024) and is Megateuthis - a close relative of Catateuthis longiforma. The rostrum would correspond with the part with the fins. Klug, C., Schweigert, G., Hoffmann, R., Fuchs, D., Pohle, A., Weis, R., & De Baets, K. (2024). Anatomy and size of Megateuthis, the largest belemnite. Swiss Journal of Palaeontology, 143, 23. Nätscher, P. S., De Baets, K., & Kiessling, W. (2026). Unique fingerprint of marine ectotherm body size change during hyperthermal crises. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 123(26), e2505564123. Rita, P., Nätscher, P., Duarte, L. V., Weis, R., & De Baets, K. (2019). Mechanisms and drivers of belemnite body-size dynamics across the Pliensbachian–Toarcian crisis. Royal Society open science, 6(12), 190494.