Taxonomy and ethology of flysch trace fossils: A revision of the Marian Ksiązkiewicz collection and studies of complementary material

Ichnotaxonomy of 1,840 of flysch trace fossil specimens from the Książkiewicz collection is revised. The specimens derive from diverse Tithonian-Miocene flysch deposits of the Polish Carpathians. Their ichnotaxonomy, based on morphology, was published by Książkiewicz in 1997. In the revision presented in this publication, the ichnotaxonomic subdivisions are based on type of behaviour represented by the considered trace fossil. As a result, several diagnoses are changed and several ichnospecies ascribed to other ichnogenera. Ichnogenera Hormosiroidea, Saerichnites, Parahaentzschelinia, Halopoa, Nereites, Beaconites, Cladichnus, Protovirgularia, Ubinia and Oscillorhaphe are used the first time in the Polish Carpathians. The ichnogenera Pararusophycus, Rhabdoglyphus, Fucusopsis, Traucumichnis, Sabularia, Granularia, Bostricophyton, Halymenidium, Buthotrephis, Tubuliclmium, Tuberculichnus, Helminthoida, Muensteria, Keckia, and Taphrhelminthoida are not recommended for further use. The new ichnogenus Belocosmorhaphe n. igen. and the new ichnospecies name Cosmorhaphe carpathica nom. nov. are proposed. Ichnotaxa Trichichnus linearis Frey, Imponoglyphus torquendus Vialov, Palaeophycus tubularis Hall, Chondrites recurvus (Brongniart) and Arenituba isp. are distinguished for the first time in the Carpathian flysch on the base of Książkiewicz material.