Diverse tiering patterns in Paleogene flysch trace fossils, Magura nappe, Carpathian Mountains, Poland

Diversified tiering patterns of trace fossils were observed in three Paleogene lithostratigraphic units of the Magura nappe: the Szczawnica Formation (Paleocene-early Eocene); the Beloveza beds (middle Eocene); and the Piwniczna Sandstone Member of the Magura Formation (middle-upper Eocene). Sediments of the first unit were deposited under oxygen-poor conditions, and those of the second and third units under well-aerated conditions. Thick-bedded turbidites and fluxoturbidites of the third unit accumulated quickly, in contrast to 'normal flysch' of the first and second units. Analyses of tiering patterns show a thickening of tiers following the improvement of sediment oxygenation. Slowly accumulated deposits of 'normal' flysch exhibit a more mature, well-developed tiering pattern than those which accumulated quickly.