Trace fossils attributed to burrowing echinoids: A revision including new ichnogenus and ichnospecies

The well known diversity of shallow-water spatangoidburrows (Echinocardium group) is assigned to Laminites ichnogenus, except for Bichordites monastiriensis nov. ichnogenus, nov. ichnosp. and the vertical Monocraterion. In flysch, the spatangoid traces of the Scolicia group are classically classified according to the morphological diversity, some Taphrhelminthopsis being related to Subphyllochorda. Thus, Scolicia is restricted to the negative epireliefs, positive hyporeliefs being subdivided in Subphyllocorda, Taphrhelminthopsis and Cardioichnus (C. foradadaensis, nov. ichnosp.) occasionally connected with backfilled structures of Laminites type. The behaviour diversity and the risk of convergences justify that objective morphological classification.