The Billingen and Volkhov stages in the northern East Baltic: detailed stratigraphy and lithofacies zonation

The formal stratigraphical subdivision of the Billingen-Volkhov interval is combined with informal detailed subdivision of the Volkhov sequence in the eastern part of the Baltic-Ladoga Klint area. A detailed correlation of the successions east and west of the Narva River is provided, using for the near-klint belt in North Estonia the bed nomenclature employed by Russian quarrymen, and the principal trends of the lithofacies changes in the study area are documented. The affinity of sections in northwestern Russia and Central Estonia is demonstrated and two lithofacies zones within the North Estonian Confacies Belt are distinguished.