Height of the turbulent gas flow and transport distance of glassy spherules on the example of the Kaali impact, Estonia

Impact ballistics of the Kaali impact group has been considered by a number of authors giving extremely different interpretations. The exact time of the impact is also debatable, but according to direct dates the age of the craters is at least 4000 years. Spherule studies in the mires of the islands of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa show that the impact took place some 7600 years ago. As the more or less vertical gas stream could have reached a height of 6.8-7.9 km, the small glassy particles, often hollow inside, were easily transported over long distances.