First record of Caedichnus spiralis Stafford et al., 2015, from the outer Severn Estuary, south-west Britain

The outer Severn Estuary, south-west Britain, is characterized by localized rocky shorelines influenced by fluctuating salinities. Shells of euryhaline littorinid gastropods from rocky intertidal habitats at Middle Hope, North Somerset, display unrepaired and repaired apertural excisions indicating attack by durophagous crabs. The damage closely matches that inflicted on gastropod shells by the widely dispersed shore crab Carcinus maenas (Linnaeus), a dominant intertidal predator in the estuary. Excisions due to crab predation, named as Caedichnus spiralis Stafford et al., Citation2015, have been infrequently figured from temperate shoreline littorinids; examples from the outer Severn Estuary are illustrated herein.